WORLD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

The transport sector is not producing material products, however, it is involved in its production and delivery to the final consumer. The transport sector is the link between the stages of the production cycle. Vehicles communicates not only in the middle of the country. So, very often the stages of production are located in different countries and geographical areas. By type of transmission of content transport vehicles are known, are divided into cargo and passenger. In general, all kinds of means of transportation of goods and passengers can be divided into three groups: land (road, rail, and so often circulated recently cartage), water (sea, river, lake), air transport. A special type of transport means are continuous transport (eg pipeline or conveyor belt conveyors).A special place in the world economy of transport is determined by the total length of Railways (30 million kilometers, including 1.2 million km – railway lines, 24 million km – length of motorways, 1.5 million km – pipe connections, 8.5 million km – aviaputem), the number of employees of the transport infrastructure (100 million people), rolling stock (so all there are 500 million vehicles, about 65 thousand of sea and river vessels, several million cars, and hundreds of thousands of locomotives), the weight of the goods transported (about 46 billion tons per year), turnover (47 billion ton-kilometers per year) and passenger (18.3 trillion passenger-kilometers per year).In the overall structure of goods turnover leader is sea transport. For example, it accounts for 62.1% of all goods transported. Further and less significant in terms of volume of transported goods are pipeline transport (12.8%), rail (12%), automotive (10.3%) and inland waterway transport (about 3%). 79.3% of the total passenger traffic handled by road transport, 10.2% – railway, 10% – by air.The transport infrastructure of the world acquired its modern form in the late twentieth century. Is it non-uniform, being the most dense in the developed countries and the least dense in those countries that are developing. Among the countries with the most advanced level of the transport system is called the United States, Germany, Japan, France and Canada. These countries have 78% of the total length of the transport system of the world and 85% of global turnover. In developing countries, the transport system shows the general system of farming. They transport is a link between raw material-producing areas and in places it has been sent. Thus, it emphasized export orientation of the economy. The density of the transport network in the developed countries is sixty kilometers per hundred square kilometers, and in developing up to ten kilometers.The global transportation system, you can select multiple regional. The most developed is rightly Severnoamerikanskaya regional transport system, which has a third of the total length of all the world of communications. Transport infrastructure in Europe is largely inferior to the transportation system in North America, but exceeds its performance density and traffic frequency. Transport infrastructure Asia as uniform, that it is possible to allocate a part of the transport system of individual countries: Japan, China, India and South-West Asia. The same caveat applies to Africa, where there are significant differences between the structure of the transport part of the continent of North and South Africa. Unified regional transport infrastructure system is also the CIS countries.